AI Large Language Models

NanoEuler

NanoEuler is an open-source GPT-2-style language model built entirely from scratch in C/CUDA with hand-written backprop, BPE tokenizer, FlashAttention, and training pipelines.

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NanoEuler

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What is NanoEuler?

NanoEuler is an educational project that implements a decoder-only transformer (GPT-2 style) entirely in C and CUDA, without any machine learning libraries. It includes a byte-level BPE tokenizer, pretraining on books and web data, and supervised fine-tuning for chat.

NanoEuler vs Similar AI Tools

Pricing ModelFreeFreeFreeFree
Free Credits
Key Features
  • Hand-written forward and backward passes in C/CUDA
  • Byte-level BPE tokenizer with GPT-2-style pretokenization
  • FlashAttention kernel for GPU training
  • Native model loading for DeepSeek V4, Qwen3.6, and GLM 5.2
  • Adaptive Metal residency and SSD streaming for memory-constrained systems
  • HTTP server with tool calling and coding agent
  • Zero-allocation inference with Project Panama FFM API
  • Unified runtime for LLM, ASR, TTS, and multimodal models
  • Process-global backend to eliminate VRAM fragmentation
  • Pure C implementation with zero external dependencies
  • Streaming of expert weights from disk, with LRU cache and optional pinned hot-store
  • Faithful GLM-5.2 (glm_moe_dsa) forward pass, validated token-exact
Pros
  • Complete from-scratch implementation, no dependencies
  • Verified gradient accuracy via numerical check
  • Runs entirely locally, ensuring data privacy
  • Optimized for Apple Silicon with Metal acceleration
  • Zero-allocation design for high performance in Java
  • Unified API across multiple model types (text, vision, audio)
  • Runs a 744B-parameter model on consumer hardware with only 25 GB RAM
  • Open source and fully transparent (C code, no dependencies)
Cons
  • Only ~116M parameters, not suitable for production
  • Requires CUDA-capable GPU for large model training
  • Primarily designed for Apple Silicon; CUDA/ROCm backends are secondary
  • Not a generic GGUF runner; only supports specific models
  • Requires Java 22+ and Project Panama (not yet standard in all JVMs)
  • Build process may be complex for beginners due to native compilation
  • Very slow cold decode (0.05-0.1 tok/s on typical NVMe)
  • Requires ~370 GB disk space for the converted int4 model
Best For
  • Developers and researchers learning LLM training
  • Students studying transformer internals
  • Apple Silicon Mac users wanting on-device LLM inference
  • Developers seeking a specialized, high-performance inference engine
  • Java developers building AI applications with low memory overhead
  • Projects needing on-premise, high-throughput inference for LLMs and multimodal models
  • Developers wanting to run massive models locally
  • AI researchers exploring MoE architectures on limited hardware

How to use NanoEuler?

  1. 1Clone the repository from GitHub.
  2. 2Ensure gcc and nvcc are installed.
  3. 3Run 'make' to build the CPU training binary.
  4. 4Run 'make check' to verify backward pass.
  5. 5Train the small model: './nanoeuler train'.
  6. 6Train the GPU model: './nanoeuler_cuda t'.
  7. 7Fine-tune for chat: './nanoeuler_cuda s'.
  8. 8Interact with the chat model: './nanoeuler_cuda c'.

NanoEuler Key Features

  • Hand-written forward and backward passes in C/CUDA
  • Byte-level BPE tokenizer with GPT-2-style pretokenization
  • FlashAttention kernel for GPU training
  • Pretraining on books and web corpus
  • Supervised fine-tuning for chat (SFT)
  • Full-model gradient check in double precision
  • Checkpoint/resume training
  • Supports CPU and GPU (CUDA) execution

NanoEuler Use Cases

  • Educational exploration of LLM internals
  • Learning transformer training from scratch
  • Experimenting with small-scale language models
  • Research into custom model architectures

NanoEuler Pricing & Free Credits

NanoEuler currently operates on a Free model.

This tool is completely free to use

Free

$0

Open-source MIT license, no registration required.

NanoEuler Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Complete from-scratch implementation, no dependencies
  • Verified gradient accuracy via numerical check
  • Supports both CPU and GPU training
  • Includes pretraining and fine-tuning pipelines
  • Well-documented and educational

Cons

  • Only ~116M parameters, not suitable for production
  • Requires CUDA-capable GPU for large model training
  • Limited world knowledge due to small scale
  • No official pre-trained checkpoints provided

What is NanoEuler best for?

  • Developers and researchers learning LLM training
  • Students studying transformer internals
  • Hobbyists building custom small models

NanoEuler FAQ

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